前言
當家中有新生命要誕生時，主人的心情總是“既期待又怕受傷害”，尤其是狗狗第一次懷孕生產，主人往往不知道該準備些什麼，該注意些什麼，希望藉由這個單元，每個主人都能成為狗狗生產最佳的助手。
生產前的徵兆
一般而言狗的懷孕期是58~65 天(平均63天)，而在生產前一週，可至動物醫院進行產前X光檢查，除了確定胎兒的隻數，也可藉由胎兒頭顱直徑及母狗骨盆大小來評估有無難產的可能。若不 知道何時配種，可以藉由超音波檢查，經由胎兒頭顱直徑的計算，來推算懷孕之天數，並進而了解大約何時分娩。當母狗懷孕接近60天時，一些生產的徵兆會逐漸 顯現：
1. 母狗開始顯得坐立不安，不停地用前腳抓地板、墊子，有築巢的動作。
各位叔叔阿姨大家好~!!
小妮回來嚕~ 有沒有想我捏? 
這次人家可是窈窕淑女了喔! 不是以前的黃毛丫頭嚕!!
先前經歷了些人生的低潮...嗚嗚
(註一)
不過現在總算走出來嚕! 謝謝親愛的把拔和瑪麻~
悲傷畫面....
泰坦(Titan)一世英明,
為了親愛的妹妹,
Derived from http://blog.sina.com.tw/joanne/article.php?pbgid=11678&entryid=581314 (Cat Paradise: JoAnne)
2008/05/27
6/15已被預定-水腦大頭-瑪麗亞
初生幼貓在三個月內(要有喝母奶才算)，體內仍有母原抗體，此時若接種疫苗，會被抗體中和而導致失效，幼貓注射疫苗最佳的時間，是等到二到三個月大時作第一次接種，一個月後再做第二次接種+狂犬病，此後每年注射一次+狂犬病。
建議幼貓第一次接受疫苗時先注射三合一疫苗(因為施打疫苗是將病源打入貓咪體內，然後才產生抗體，幼貓抵抗力弱，怕一下子打五合一疫苗，幼貓無法承受。)一個月後再補強五合一疫苗外加施打狂犬病。
預防注射(vaccination)
Many avian veterinarians quake at the thought of advising or helping an aviculturist with issues related to incubation and hatching. Once you learn the principles of artificial incubation and hatching, you should be able to offer competent assistance. If you are serious about becoming a good avian veterinarian, however, please consider purchasing an inexpensive incubator (or borrow one from a client or friend) and try to incubator-hatch a few eggs yourself. Cockatiels are a good bird to begin with. Do not attempt this with quaker parakeets, as incubator hatching them is quite difficult. You will learn more by hatching some birds yourself than from sitting in ten lectures on the subject!
The process of incubation is a wondrous process, and nature has provided the perfect incubator, the bird. However, for many reasons, aviculturists may choose to artificially incubate eggs. There are many different types of incubators, but the success of artificial incubation depends more on the knowledge and skills of the person using the equipment than of the sophistication of the incubation equipment.
It is important to have a basic understanding of the egg to successfully artificially incubate eggs. The egg must contain all of the nutrients necessary to sustain a growing embryo until hatching. The shell contains pores that allow respiration of moisture and gasses through the egg. These pores can also allow bacteria and other pathogens into the egg under certain conditions. The shell contains three layers: the cuticle, the testa and the mammillary layer. Eggs have two shell membranes, the inner and outer shell membranes. At the area of the air cell, these two membranes are separated. If the egg is opened during an assisted hatch over the air cell, the inner shell membrane will be visible covering the chick. The egg white, albumen, consists of three proteins. Thick and thin albumen and the chalazae, which are two strands of thick albumen, connect to the shell membranes. These act to keep the yolk in the center of the egg.
The yolk provides the main source of nutrition for the growing embryo. The yolk has four membranes and blood vessels develop around the membranes to carry nutrients to the embryo. At hatch, the twitching of the muscles of the embryo help pull the remaining yolk into the coelom, where it is utilized during the first few days of life. The germinal disc is the nucleus of the female egg. If the egg is fertile, it is the blastoderm, and if infertile, the blastodisc. In most psittacines, the reproductive tract of the hen includes only the left ovary and left oviduct. The parts of the oviduct include the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina.
The embryo actually begins to develop before oviposition. The egg may be candled to assess fertility after is it laid, and in some cases, it may show development within a few days of being laid. Fertility is ascertained by the development of blood vessels within the egg. The developing embryo is subject to damage by chilling or jarring (addling.) For best hatchability, it is best to leave eggs under the hen for at least 14 days, to ensure the health of the developing chick, but this is not always possible or economically advisable. By pulling eggs for artificial incubation, many birds can be induced to lay more eggs than would normally occur, this increasing productivity. Optimum temperatures that simulate those of the natural parents will produce the healthiest chicks.
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